8 Mistakes To Avoid When Learning Chinese
“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step” – Lao Tzu
Learning Chinese is hard, but not too hard.
Especially if you know the mistakes to avoid.
Seven years after taking my first crack at tones, I’m no closer to mastering Chinese than any serious learner of Chinese. And I’ve made some pretty stupid mistakes along the way.
Hopefully by reading this you’ll avoid some of them:
8 mistakes to avoid when learning Chinese
Mistake #1: Not mastering tones
If you speak Chinese without proper tones you might as well be half deaf and dumb.
Almost no one is going to understand you. No one except your friends studying Chinese and your teacher, the same teacher used to students mangling her language. Once you step outside the warm cocoon of the classroom, everything changes.
But Chinese people can guess what you’re trying to say, right?
Wrong.
The reason why is simple but hard to fathom for people who didn’t grow up speaking a highly tonal language – to a native speaker of Chinese, the difference between tones is just as pronounced as that between consonants – perhaps even greater.
In Chinese, if you get the tones right people can usually understand you. If you get everything right but the tones, you will be unintelligible to most native speakers of Chinese.
You can save yourself some pain and embarassment by mastering tones early on, and these articles might help speed up the process: Master the Tones and Mandarin Tone Tricks
Mistake #2: Not learning characters
What about characters – won’t leaping over them help you reach conversational fluency faster?
Sure, in the beginning.
Pinyin is easier, after all, and you’ll free up time to practice conversation.
But characters are nothing if not an aide to your learning at the higher levels. They help you watch TV, get around town, and do pretty much everything you need to live in China without assistance.
That’s a good feeling.
If your goal is just simple conversations for the heck of it, you don’t need to learn characters. If you want to get any further, characters will help take you where you want to go.
But characters are a pain in the ass to learn. Rote memorization is difficult and can take years. That’s how I learned characters, and looking back it was slow and inefficient.
So what can you do to cut down the learning time?
You’ll find out in a bit, but first I want to share a story:
Mistake #3: Killing yourself learning characters
After what seemed like the tenth tingxie in three days, I threw down my pen and said ‘shit!’ loud enough for everyone to hear.
The pen had run out of ink and I had run out patience. Our teacher was quizzing us in machine gun fashion – shooting out characters way faster than we could react.
That sweltering summer in 2002 we sat through a year of Chinese crammed into eight weeks worth of classes. Five hours of class plus six to eight hours of homework was the norm – and most of that time was spent learning characters by rote. It was enough to drive the more diligent among us to the edge of insanity.
There had to be a better way.You see, there’s a way of learning characters, and have them stick with you far longer.
So what’s this better way to learn characters?
About a year ago, John at Sinosplice wrote an article about how he first really learned Japanese Kanji, with a book called Remembering the Kanji.
It’s a system that doesn’t require any knowledge of Japanese to begin.
That’s because each character is first given an English name closest to its core meaning, and then broken up into its component parts using stories and imagery that help you create vivid blueprints in your mind.
Then you’re struggling with a character, the blueprint in your mind shows you how to rebuild it.
Remembering the Kanji helps you make blueprints for the 2000 most common Japanese characters.
Remarkably, it takes a lot less time to come up with a good blueprint than to force the characters into your mind with brute force. If you read through this dissertation, you’ll understand why.
Luckily for you and me, two new books are about to be released – Remembering Simplified Hanzi and Remembering Traditional Hanzi.
They follow the same process as Remembering the Kanji, and you can read through sample chapters here to see if they’ll work for you.
If you don’t want to throw years of your life away learning characters the old fashioned way, these books are for you. I’m excited that they’ll be released by the end of the year.
Even if this method cuts down your time spent learning characters, ‘mastering’ Chinese is still a long path to start down.
The path can look daunting when you realize how far it goes – an ever receding point over the horizon. Which brings us to the next mistake to avoid when learning Chinese:
Mistake #4: Focusing on progress over process
Having goals for learning Chinese is fine, and can take you a long way on the path to fluency.
But you may end up going crazy long before you reach your destination.
That’s because a realistic expectation for learning Mandarin to true fluency might be twenty years – and many people continually delude themselves along the way.
It’s easy to get discouraged when you make mistakes or don’t see rapid progress.
So what can you do to stay sane?
First, accept that you are not Chinese, and even after years of hard work you’re still going to make stupid mistakes. The more the better, really, as we’ll talk about in a moment.
Second, enjoy the journey – make your goal using Chinese instead of mastering it. Focus on today, not where you want to be next year.
That doesn’t mean abandoning long term goals or not setting them at all. It means focusing on the here and now and being happy with your current level of Chinese, and using it.
And you can do that by avoiding a common mistake that Chinese language learners make:
Mistake #5: Not making good Chinese friends
If you’re really going to master the language, you need to get out there.
That’s because language can’t be completely built within the warm confines of a classroom.
You find the missing pieces by getting exposed to real Chinese. A lot of it.
Making interesting Chinese friends is one way to get this exposure. If you feel awkward speaking to your Chinese friends in Chinese, you need to make more friends or learn more Chinese.
Or both.
When you find a friend who doesn’t mind speaking Chinese with you, see if you can get them to correct some of your mistakes.This is the advice that Tim Ferris gives best, from Why Language Classes Don’t Work:
Make it your goal to screw up as often as possible in uncontrolled environments. Explicitly ask friends to correct you and reward them with thanks and praise when they catch you spouting nonsense, particularly the small understandable mistakes. I was able to pass the Certificado de Espanol Avanzado, the most difficult Spanish certification test in South America, in eight weeks, which is said to require near-native fluency and years of immersion. How? By following the above fixes and making more mistakes in eight weeks than most make in eight years.
Make as many mistakes as you can, and try to get people to point them out to you. It may be awkward at first, but it’s the best way to improve your speaking.
But like you wouldn’t jump into the Amazon without learning how to swim, you need to learn the basics before putting yourself out there.
One way to do so better is by avoiding this common mistake:
Mistake #6: Not using the best learning materials available
Most people think that having a great teacher is more important than having a great textbook.
Personally, I agree with Tim Ferris and what he says in the article linked above -> great textbooks + an average teacher > average textbooks + a great teacher.
Whether or not you take formal language classes, the best learning materials will help you learn Chinese better.
Here are two sources I highly recommend:
- ChinesePod.com – Their podcasts and other audio aides make this the best choice if you can’t attend real classes or get much time with a good tutor / language exchange partner. Get a free trial by clicking here.
- Integrated Chinese (Princeton University Press) – This is the most thorough textbook introduction to Chinese I know of. If you learn everything in the first two year’s worth of books, you’ll have succeeded in building a good foundation for later learning. Here are links to Amazon for the texts:
Integrated Chinese, Level 1 Part 1
Integrated Chinese, Level 1 Part 2
Integrated Chinese: Level 2
But should you take formal classes?
Sure, if you have the time and money to do so. Just don’t end up making this common mistake:
Mistake #7: Choosing poor classes
A bad class can sometimes be worse than no class at all – spending time and money on average classes and teachers who force feed you with rote learning is no fun.
So to find out if the course you’ll be taking is good, spend some time figuring out:
- The quality of the textbooks – Don’t settle for poor texts
- The size of classes – The smaller the better
- The levels of classes – The more the better
- If your teachers have experience teaching foreigners – part of the reason we almost went crazy in Shanghai is because our teacher was clueless about teaching foreigners Chinese – make sure this doesn’t happen to you.
Check out this to find other things to be careful about when selecting a Chinese class:
Why Not To Study Chinese at a [Chinese] University
Finally, don’t make this mistake:
Mistake #8: Not using kickass tools for learning Chinese
There are many tools for learning Chinese online. But these two may be the best:
Google’s character writing software
There is no better character input system than Google’s pinyin input system (or 谷歌拼音输入法)
It responds fast to your typing, guesses what characters you want incredibly well, and allows you to type out strings as long as you want.
All that means a really convenient way of typing Chinese. If you don’t have it, download it here now.
Chinese Pera-kun
Have you ever wished you could hover your mouse over a character or group of characters and see it’s pinyin and meaning instantly?
Well, a plugin for Firefox, Chinese Pera-kun, can help you do this. It’s not perfect but it comes close.
To get Chinese Pera-kun, just go to its plugin page, download then install it, and drag its icon onto your navigation bar through View -> Toolbars -> Customize.
That’s it!
I hope this helps, and that you leave more suggestions on what not to do when learning Chinese below.
Don’t forget the book “Learning Chinese Characters Volume 1″ which takes the Heisig ideas for teaching the characters and extends it a little bit to include a way of memorizing the tone.
I find the stories take about 2 or 3 seconds to remember, so when you’re engaged in conversation thats probably too slow for remembering the tone of a character. But when you are practicing getting the tones right 2 seconds is much faster than looking it up in the dictionary. Its a worthwhile crutch IMHO.
hey Simon – thanks for the recommendation – definitely a good book for someone with a grasp of the basics or more.
Awesome tips – particularly grateful for the news about “Remembering Simplified Hanzi”.
I checked out the sample (a decent 67 pages) and am loving it. Characters, hands-down, killed my motivation for Chinese. They seem(ed) like such a mountain to climb and when I forgot many I had spent hours and hours learning, I got discouraged.
Am hoping this will help. If the first four/five lessons are any indication, I’ll be buying this book as soon as it becomes available.
Hey Ryan – I was in the hometown filling out forms for a visa yesterday and it was embarrassing some of the characters I had to look up. Definitely looks good.
Excellent summary of the dos and don’ts of learning Chinese.
[...] just came across a great post on TheChinaExpat.com highlighting some common mistakes learners of Chinese make, and I thought I’d post about it [...]
Thanks for writing this article, really. Now I’m stuck, I’m not sure which book I should buy because I want to know the tones as well. I think I will stick with the 1,500 book though unless someone has an interesting argument for the other.
hi, great tips.
i just wanna add for the last one. google’s pinyin input software is not the best, here in China the two most popular and best are QQ pinyin input and sogou pinyin input.
you can download here:
http://pinyin.qq.com/
http://ime.sogou.com/dl/sogou_pinyin_40b.exe
Carl – Depends what your goals are – Remembering the Simplified Hanzi would be useful if you are looking to learn Chinese over a significant period of time. If you need to learn to speak or listen right away, it won’t be of much use to you. But over the long term, knowing how to read (and to an extent, write) will help you bring your speaking and listening to another level because you’ll be exposed to that much more of the language (and it’s often a lot easier to pick up on more complex/formal ways of speaking by reading than just talking to people).
Ben – thanks for the suggestions, will have to check them out.
Jeremy -
I need both, I’m majoring in Chinese Language and Culture and I’m also living in China. I’ve bought the book
We use Google’s IME, Have you tried the two Ben suggested?
Carls last blog post..元宵节 | Lantern Festival
Carl – no, haven’t tried them. Google pinyin works good enough for my needs, but the others could be even better like Ben says.
hi everybody,i am a Chinese and very curious about that how the foreigners learn Chinese well then i found this article…it’s very good~~
i am using Sougou Pinyin, in fact, i used QQpinyin and google pinyin, but i don’t think there any difference between these input ways.
Hi Cherry – thanks! It’s good to know there’s not a big difference between the three.
hi Jeremy, in fact i am very glad to know that many foreigners are interested in Chinese learning…I think it’s hard for me to stick to it when i try to learn languages,like English or Korean…
Hi Jeremy,
Very useful tips. I added part of it to our travel forum.
Rebekah
http://www.chinatravel.net/forum/8-Mistakes-to-Avoid-When-Learning-Chinese/2114.html
Hi,
This is a very good article. I will keep your tips in mind. Although, I do study in the university for my Mandarin. It’s quite ok and I can really see my progress.
Nikous last blog post..Beijing vs. Shanghai
Hi Rebekah – Thanks!
Hi Nikou – Thanks, and that’s great you’re making good progress. Keep it up.
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Nice tips, but my experience in having installed Chinese programs is not so good as you never know what other “little nastys” are in their offerings. I installed the popular QQ messenger once it it just about took over my whole computer so I’ll stick with the google one
Totally agree! I have been learning Chinese for what seems like at times a million years when progress is slow. I started out the hard way: PinYin in the beginning and no classes…Now that i live in beijing, I really wish i had skipped PinYin and went straight to characters.
Although I stopped actively learning Chinese for some time now, those are really great tips, especially ChinesePod. I also recommand italki.com if you want to make some chinese friends. They are eager to learn english in return, they’ll teach you chinese.
In your opinion…Is there any reason why we cant continue to learn pinyin, word’s phrases etc and start on the hanzi character book at the same time. To me it just seems obvious to do both
I have to disagree with much of what was said above. I got a degree recently in Asian Studies. I studied abroad in Taiwan for half a year. I took private tutoring lessons with a Chinese tutor for about 4-5 years. I’m living in Guangzhou now. My friends have said that I speak the best Chinese of any of the foreigners they’ve met. You do want to learn the characters, but there are too many of them to “assign” meanings to, not only that but some things just don’t translate. I don’t recommend studying each character at a time, rather learn some in contextual settings. Like in books, greetings, food, etc. Its easiest to first memorize phrases & then get clear understandings of words by discussing them with others. I highly highly highly recommend having a tutor and/or making many chinese friends. Just don’t let them speak English with you all the time. What is that phrase about necessity? Well, living in another country certainly breeds a sense of urgency to learning the language & thus somehow memory suddenly becomes better. However if you are like I was & wanted to learn before-hand then all you can do is immerse yourself in the culture & language as much as possible. Via friends, the net, watching shows in Chinese, tutor, classes, restaurants, etc.
Something that I didn’t get in classes, but only once I had a tutor was the 偏旁部首 pianpang-bushou or the character radicals that make up a character. Once you learn the basics of what is IN a character, it makes it so much easier to remember them. For example, “金” or “gold” becomes a radical for metal objects, like “钢””iron” or “铜” “copper” or “铝” “aluminum”. So characters become easier to recognize & memory grows. I’ve also read that Chinese speakers/writers use both hemispheres of their brain whereas English & other romance-language speakers only use one. So think of it this way, you are making more use of your brain, it will just take time & headaches.
As for tones – well all you can do is memorize memorize memorize. Everyday study or review at least 15 minutes. Studying a little everyday beats studying once a week for hours.
Everyday is an improvement. I still have so much to learn myself, but thats whats great about learning another language.
i would like to know that :
what is the better way ?
learn the basic of the language before travel to china to learn or
travel to there to learn ?
To answer “learn the basic of the language before travel to china to learn or
travel to there to learn ?” is really hard, b/c everyone is different. For me, when I first came (to Taiwan) I wanted to learn some before I came b/c I would at least know how to say “I am hungry” or “bathroom.” However, for people a bit more enterprising, they might not want to spend the time, they want to immediately come. Certainly you will learn a lot faster when you come to China, you’re constantly hearing & practicing, you also feel a sense of urgency. However, it can also feel frustrating, when you get lost, when you order fish & you get fish head, when you want to talk to ppl or understand them & you can’t. Frustration and fear can kill the learning process or ability, and coming to a different country on your own is scary enough. I would recommend getting at least some basic skills, that way you have the confidence to get out there & use those skills. Also, if you are studying Chinese at a University or school in China, its all too easy to find a group of expats & hang out with all the time, or find Chinese who only want to practice their English. If you only hang out with English-speaking ppl you won’t improve as fast; if you always depend on someone else to get you around, figure out public transport or order, then you won’t increase your knowledge. So even if you fear getting fish head, pork belly, or something incredibly spicy, just go for it anyway, the food is really cheap, you can always order more. Also, Chinese ppl are really nice & forgiving to foreigners so you can always just ask questions.
thanks Julia
That was one of the best articles that I have read on learning Chinese in a while because the advice actually has a chance of working.
I started a learn Chinese company mandarinnetwork.com and have spent a lot of time doing research on the “Learn Chinese” niche.
It is amazing how many companies claim to teach someone the Chinese language in one month or some other ridiculously short amount of time.
Learning Chinese isn’t impossible, it just takes a lot of time and dedication. There is no silver bullet that will allow a complete beginner to “Master the Chinese language in two weeks”.
Another tip I might add for someone that really wants to learn the Chinese language; don’t move to Shanghai or Beijing if you come to China.
Although I love living in Shanghai because of all the Western restaurants, I would have learned much quicker if I didn’t live in a city with so many other foreigners that I can speak English with.
[...] July 5, 2010 Here are 8 mistakes to avoid when learning Chinese (Mandarin), according to The China Expat. [...]
On a Mac you can use the single trackpad to write Chinese characters directly into documents. It’s a good tool as it expects you to use the correct stroke order.
Colleagues:
I’ve just come upon your website by chance (I did a Google search for “Chinese education” for my current research project).
I’ve been learning Chinese on and off – inside and outside China – for a long time. Your article and comments were very thought-provoking. For the moment, I’ll confine myself to a very general comment. Realism is crucial. My Mum always asks me, “Where’s it leading to?” She doesn’t seem to understand when I say it’s worth doing intellectually for its own sake. (I’ll admit this is not a widespread view. But in my case, it’s realistic. Some of your readers seem to have wasted a lot of time – and motivation – “learning characters,” which they apparently understood to mean learning to write characters. In one of your comments, you ” mention (all-too-briefly) something to the effect that “to a certain extent” writing can help listening, speaking and reading. But realistically, writing will be at the bottom of thelanguage skills most people need, and realistically, knowledge of pinyin computer input will cover most people’s needs.
Best wishes
Sean
I truly respect the desire to learn for learning’s sake, however my above comment isn’t for the vacationer whom only plans to stay in China for a couple weeks. Rather, its for a more serious student/worker/entrepreneur who wants to learn Chinese so that he/she can communicate with friends, co-workers or get around town (in China). If you plan to live in China for a period of time or frequently travel to China & don’t always have a guide, then I can’t really imagine not having at least a little reading ability. Many bus stations, restaurant menus,instructions, even safety-hazards, etc are only in Chinese. Furthermore, I don’t see how you could possibly type in pinyin & select the right character of a drop-down menu if you have no idea what the character looks like. To aid in reading and memorization writing characters is an essential tool. I know personally of people who started learning Chinese approximately the same time, those who learned to read & write retained their knowledge much more successfully than those who didn’t. Learning the radicals of characters is also extremely useful in reading them as well as in pronunciation, many times a radical gives clues to pronunciation and/or meaning.(also extremely useful in using a dictionary to look up characters when you don’t recognize a character)
If you have no real reason to learn Chinese then just learning how to say 你好、再见、菜单、买单、宾馆/酒店、的士 should be sufficient, further attempts to learn without a serious intention to learn is a waste of money and time.
Wonderful article!
WENLIN must be mentioned as it is on of the best programs out there for learning written Chinese (although it is severely outdated)
DISAGREE.
Chinese is really easy:
1. Install Pleco
2. Hire a tutor, daily
3. DO NOT SPEAK ENGLISH, NO MATTER WHAT.
After a year, you’ll be fine. It’s #3 that most people are not strong enough to handle. They want to stay in the comfort of the nest…
I don’t know about wenlin, but unless you have a company paying for it, WHO can afford tutoring daily?? At best that would $50-$100 a day. I recommend once or twice a week and studying/practicing daily. Also finding a penpal on qq would greatly help.
My mandarin start to get better and I became more confident after I meet my other half who speak mandarin. The only thing is we need a third or fourth person who speak mandarin. A teacher help, but it be nice if I can find friend or a co-worker who speak mandarin.
z
malaysia
I am taking Chinese in college right now. We are using Integrated Chinese Level 1 Part 1. I really like the idea you mentioned about using stories and symbols to really remember each character, rather than purely memorizing. Using Remembering Simplified Hanzi seemed really helpful. I have also heard of Tuttle Learning Chinese Characters. I’d like to stay on the schedule outlined in Integrated Chinese, but want to use the story method to learn the characters as they come. Do you have any suggestions for this? Are there books like the Remembering Simplified Hanzi book that work better with the Integrated Chinese books?